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Public health insurance option
The public health insurance option, also known as the public insurance option or the public option, was a proposal to create a government-run health insurance agency which would compete with other health insurance companies within the United States. The public option is not the same as publicly funded health care, but was proposed as an alternative health insurance plan offered by the government. The proposal was initially part of the debates surrounding the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, but was not passed in the final reconciled bill.
==History==
The public option was featured in three bills considered by the United States House of Representatives in 2009: the proposed Affordable Health Care for America Act (), which was passed by the House in 2009, its predecessor, the proposed America's Affordable Health Choices Act (), and a third bill, the Public Option Act, also referred to as the "Medicare You Can Buy Into Act", (). In the first two bills, the public option took the form of a Qualified Health Benefit Plan competing with similar private insurance plans in an internet-based exchange or marketplace, enabling citizens and small businesses to purchase health insurance meeting a minimum federal standard. The Public Option Act, in contrast, would have allowed all citizens and permanent residents to buy into a public option by participating in the public Medicare program. Persons covered by other employer plans or by state insurance plans such as Medicare would have not been eligible to obtain coverage from the exchange. The federal government's health insurance plan would have been financed entirely by premiums without subsidy from the Federal government,〔(Why We Need a Public Health-Care Plan ) Robert Reich ''The Wall Street Journal''〕 although some plans called for government seed money to get the programs started.〔e.g. House Bill H.R.3962 Section 322 (b)2(B) "AMORTIZATION OF START-UP FUNDING- The Secretary shall provide for the repayment of the startup funding provided under subparagraph (A) to the Treasury in an amortized manner over the 10-year period beginning with Y1". The Senate HLP Committee bill contains a similar clause in § 3106 "A Health Benefit Plan Start-up Fund will be created to provide loans for initial operations, which the plan will be required to pay back no later than 10 years after the payment is made."〕
President Barack Obama promoted the idea of the public option while running for election in 2008. Following his election, Obama downplayed the need for a public health insurance option, including calling it a "sliver" of health care reform, but still campaigned for the option up until the health care reform was passed.〔(Obama, Congress easing debate on public option - Beaver County Times )〕
Ultimately, the public option was removed from the final bill. While the United States House of Representatives passed a public option in their version of the bill, the public option was voted down in the Senate Finance Committee〔CNN: (Senate panel votes down public option for health care bill ). September 29, 2009.〕 and the public option was never included in the final Senate bill, instead opting for state-directed health insurance exchanges.〔Bankrate: (Key details of health reform bills ).〕 Critics of the removal of the public option accused President Obama of making an agreement to drop the public option from the final plan,〔David D. Kirkpatrick, August 12, 2009, "Obama is taking an active role in talks on health care plan," New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/13/health/policy/13health.html〕 but other journalists pointed out that the agreement was probably based more on vote counts than backroom deals, as substantiated by the final vote in the Senate.〔''Washington Post'': (Obama never secretly killed the public option. It’s a myth. ). November 17, 2011.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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